Siena has a rich history dating back to its days as an independent republic. The red clay hills surrounding it gave rise to the name of the colour, burnt sienna.

The focal point of the city is the spectacular Piazza del Campo, where the Palio della Contrade horse race is staged twice a year, in July and August. In this thrilling spectacle, 10 horses and riders, dressed in bright costumes, represent 10 of the 17 Contrade, or city wards.

The jockeys ride bareback, circling the Piazza del Campo three times at great speed (and often falling off!). The winner is awarded a banner of painted silk, or palio, which is created anew for each occasion by a different artist.

The event, including a colourful pageant—the Corteo Storico—prior to the race, draws thousands of spectators from all over the world.

July 2 and August 16, 2011.